HIV/AIDS
AIDS –Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, recognized first in USA with several reports in 1981. It is caused by HIV (Human Immuno deficiency Virus), a retro virus discovered by Montaginer et. al. and formally called HCLV III (Human cell leukemia virus) or HTLV (human T-lymphocyte vir
us).
Structure of HIV
Virus has 2-stands RNA, with reserve transcriptase enzyme. The virus is believed to be mutant of a strain that infected the African green monkey. Virus infects HT-cells or T4 cells (having T4 receptor on cell surface), and paralyses the immune system. It can also infect microphages or brain cells. About 65% of total causes in USA are homosexuals, 28% are intravenous drug abuser and few develop the diseases through blood transfusion. The diseases can also pass to infants through placenta (Tranplacental) or mother's milk. Virus is present in vaginal secretions and seminal fluid (semen), and the maximum transmission occurs through sexual route.
Three Stages of AIDS infection
i. Asymptomatic carrier: Some of the newly infected persons develop fever, chill, ache, swollen, lymph glands and the symptoms soon disappear.
ii. ARC (Aids related complex): It is mild from AIDS and the symptoms are swollen lymph nodes, prestige cough, recurrent fever, night sweats and nervous impairment.
iii. Full blown AIDS: Serve weight loss and weakness due to persistent diarrhea. Opportunistic infections cause death.
Note: Shaking hands, social kissing, coughing, sneezing, etc do not transmit HIV virus.
AIDS can be prevented by using latex condoms, avoiding intravenous drugs a
nd refraining from multiple sex partners (polygamy).
1. HIV test-ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbant Assay). Since the test is for HIV- 1 antibody, it cannot detect persons who are infectious with HIV-2.
2. The other test for HIV is 'Western Bolt'. AZT (Azidothymidine) is the drug that used to treat the disease. It prevents the reproduction of HIV in the T-cells.
3. SCID (Severe Combined Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a genetic disorder in which both B-cells and T-cells are either absent in deficient in infants.
4. It develops due to deficiency of adenosine demines (enzymes).
5. Such children cannot survive outside germs free suits.
AIDS –Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, recognized first in USA with several reports in 1981. It is caused by HIV (Human Immuno deficiency Virus), a retro virus discovered by Montaginer et. al. and formally called HCLV III (Human cell leukemia virus) or HTLV (human T-lymphocyte vir
us).Structure of HIV
Virus has 2-stands RNA, with reserve transcriptase enzyme. The virus is believed to be mutant of a strain that infected the African green monkey. Virus infects HT-cells or T4 cells (having T4 receptor on cell surface), and paralyses the immune system. It can also infect microphages or brain cells. About 65% of total causes in USA are homosexuals, 28% are intravenous drug abuser and few develop the diseases through blood transfusion. The diseases can also pass to infants through placenta (Tranplacental) or mother's milk. Virus is present in vaginal secretions and seminal fluid (semen), and the maximum transmission occurs through sexual route.
Three Stages of AIDS infection
i. Asymptomatic carrier: Some of the newly infected persons develop fever, chill, ache, swollen, lymph glands and the symptoms soon disappear.
ii. ARC (Aids related complex): It is mild from AIDS and the symptoms are swollen lymph nodes, prestige cough, recurrent fever, night sweats and nervous impairment.
iii. Full blown AIDS: Serve weight loss and weakness due to persistent diarrhea. Opportunistic infections cause death.
Note: Shaking hands, social kissing, coughing, sneezing, etc do not transmit HIV virus.
AIDS can be prevented by using latex condoms, avoiding intravenous drugs a
nd refraining from multiple sex partners (polygamy).1. HIV test-ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbant Assay). Since the test is for HIV- 1 antibody, it cannot detect persons who are infectious with HIV-2.
2. The other test for HIV is 'Western Bolt'. AZT (Azidothymidine) is the drug that used to treat the disease. It prevents the reproduction of HIV in the T-cells.
3. SCID (Severe Combined Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a genetic disorder in which both B-cells and T-cells are either absent in deficient in infants.
4. It develops due to deficiency of adenosine demines (enzymes).
5. Such children cannot survive outside germs free suits.
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1 Response to Communicable Diseases
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